Advice For The New Medics And The Students

Lately, a lot of the EMS social media pages have been giving advice to new medics and students. Some of the advice is good. Some of that advice is not good, which is a charitable understatement, to say the least. So, today, when a medic student asked me for advice, here’s what I told them — and also just added onto.

Here are things you’re not going to learn (or learn enough) about in a paramedic program.

  1. Prescription medications. If you know and understand the medications that your patient is taking, half of your assessment is already done.
  2. Understanding physician specialties, the roles of other healthcare professions, types of healthcare facilities, and hospital capabilities. This makes sure you get the right patient to the right facility. As a point of personal privilege, if your EMT partner can run the call without ALS intervention, that’s the only time you should even consider transporting to a hospital without ICU beds. (Yes, little old Mrs. So-And-So with the UTI is sicker than you think and she’s quite likely gotten herself an ICU admit.)
  3. The ability to talk to a patient. A SAMPLE history and OPQRST aren’t enough. Period. Those start the questions.
  4. For every patient you see, think of 5 possible differential diagnoses for them. Use pertinent positives and pertinent negatives to narrow down your diagnosis. (A special thank you and tip of the ol’ Resistol to the dearly departed Gene Gandy for that advice.)

Here are things to remember right now.

  1. You’re not expected to have this down while you’re in school or while you’re the “new kid.” That’s why you’re in school or a new hire.
  2. If you think you have it down, go Google the Dunning-Kruger effect.
  3. Pay very little attention to the self-proclaimed EMS experts online, especially the EKG nerds. Many of those nerds speak with a great deal of certainty about subtle EKG findings that neither impact prehospital care nor are they absolute. Cardiologists will quibble about these findings.
  4. There is nothing in any law book that limits the scope of your education. Have at least one physician level text on emergency medicine, or better yet, internal medicine. So much of what EMS does is what I call unscheduled internal medicine.
  5. You become a good medic by seeing lots of patients. Emergency medicine, whether prehospital or in the ED, is based upon pattern recognition.
  6. Go to a busy EMS service to get experience, whether it’s for your clinicals or your first few years of work. See above about pattern recognition.
  7. It’s ok to be eager. It’s ok to be nice. Being “salty” isn’t a badge of honor. Nor is self-diagnosing yourself with a mental health condition because you’re in EMS.
  8. Have a life outside of EMS. (Unless you’re a lawyer. Then EMS is your life outside of law.)
  9. Humor at the patient’s expense isn’t funny. But it is a good way to learn about unemployment.
  10. The call may not be important to you, but it’s the most important thing to happen to that patient today.
  11. Be nice. Nice medics don’t get to meet lawyers.
  12. Always remember that if something goes wrong, your patient care will be judged by twelve people who couldn’t get out of jury duty.
  13. Lucky #13. Remember in ACLS where it says “Seek Expert Consultation?” That’s not the paramedic. It’s not even an emergency medicine physician. It’s a cardiologist or perhaps even an electrophysiologist.

And speaking of EMS social media, here are some things to remember about some of these “influencers” or pages.

  1. A good chunk of them are wrong.
  2. A good chunk of them are warning signs. (Fun little tidbit. Some EMS medical directors and chiefs have sock puppet accounts from where they can observe Social Media Assisted Career Suicide.)
  3. A significant portion of them are self promoters.
  4. Some of these people serve as a living, breathing example of why EMS doesn’t get to sit at the big kids’ table of medicine.
  5. Many of these people aren’t nearly as experienced as they claim to be. Their Google Fu is much stronger than their actual experience caring for a patient.

After a little over twenty years of doing this in between reviewing contracts and nasty letters, I wish someone had told me more of these things. And on that final note, that first impression counts for something, whether it’s for a clinical, a job, or that first patient contact. Tuck the shirt in and shine your boots occasionally. (Dear God, that makes me sound old. But then again, I am….)

You’re Neither A “Progressive EMS System,” An “Operator,” Nor “High Speed.”

Garison Keiler used to describe Lake Wobegon as “‘Where all the women are strong, all the men are good looking, and all the children are above average.” EMS has a similar malady. Not every EMS system is “progressive.” Not everyone in EMS is an “operator.” And not every educator or continuing education event is “high speed.” Sometimes, it’s not even cutting edge.

If you go to almost any EMS recruiting advertisement, you’ll see them describe their system as “progressive.” Now in this case, we’re not referring to AOC or Bernie Sanders. Most EMS recruiters are referring to some whiz bang aspect of their protocols. Truth is, I’m amazingly happy as an ALS hobbyist at a service where we’re entrusted with delayed sequence intubation, blood administration, IV pumps, and IV antibiotics — all on standing orders. And bluntly, in the year 2025 with the availability of video laryngoscopy, the ability to pharmacologically manage an airway should be a given. (Spoiler alert: There are indeed EMS agencies describing themselves as progressive where this given isn’t happening.) But clinical is just one aspect of progressive and it’s the easiest to advertise. You want progressive? Let’s talk about a system that manages provider fatigue, supports mental health, has stations as opposed to convenience store parking lots, and has leadership with qualifications above and beyond good clinical skills. What would be truly progressive is a decent salary that means you don’t have to pick up extra shifts unless you want to and a defined benefit pension system. And for what it’s worth, such systems do exist.

On this note, not everyone in EMS is an “operator.” This is especially true in the world of EMS education. EMS education, present company excluded, often consists of three categories of people. Category one consists of the jaded medic who’s unable to work in the field anymore. What passes for education from them is reading the PowerPoint slides and interspersing dated dogma and war stories. Category two are the entertainers. These people are fixtures on the conference circuit. Whatever the subject, they’ll teach it, regardless of their subject matter expertise. They often have catchphrases, a uniform that looks like something out of a banana republic, and/or a persona that may or may not match their field expertise. Finally, we have the terminally arrogant. These people delight in proving they’re smarter than you. Whether it’s obscure EKG findings, clinical zebras, or plain ol’ data analysis, these people and their acolytes have their following at conferences and on EMS/medical social media. Honestly, these are some of the smarter people in EMS. Their biggest problem is that they know it and want you to know it too. See also: “I’ve got two years of paramedic education and I’m going to speak with absolute certainty on findings that fellowship trained physicians at academic medical centers may quibble over.”

And for those EMS providers who think they are indeed above average, there’s a whole class of frauds, posers, and grifters with flashy course titles and cool social media combined with dubious credentials or expertise. In fact, if you wear enough camo and use the right buzzwords, you can get people’s continuing education money even when the courses are no longer accredited. (Not to mention taking money from gun enthusiasts and other “outdoors” types who will instantly take courses and buy products from anyone who claims they’re tactical.) On that note, being a military medic, in many cases, means you’re very good at managing trauma in healthy young people. The definition of confusion can often be a military EMT or paramedic making the transition to a civilian 911 position and getting their first geriatric respiratory patient. And just like the “regular” EMS people, “cool” social media will always sell. This week, in fact, I saw social media advertising from one provider of “austere medical and rescue services” that crossed a very clear line in terms of medical decorum. In other words, it’s not just the regular EMS medics who have some work to do — it’s also the supposedly smart people.

Me? I’ll settle for competent EMS providers of all levels who can run a 911 call with good clinical skills, the appropriate level of compassion, and maybe, just maybe, getting the right patient to the right care. And none of that requires you to look like you’ve been operating behind enemy lines. Even more so if the biggest battle you’ve fought is dodging a dialysis transfer.

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