You’re Neither A “Progressive EMS System,” An “Operator,” Nor “High Speed.”

Garison Keiler used to describe Lake Wobegon as “‘Where all the women are strong, all the men are good looking, and all the children are above average.” EMS has a similar malady. Not every EMS system is “progressive.” Not everyone in EMS is an “operator.” And not every educator or continuing education event is “high speed.” Sometimes, it’s not even cutting edge.

If you go to almost any EMS recruiting advertisement, you’ll see them describe their system as “progressive.” Now in this case, we’re not referring to AOC or Bernie Sanders. Most EMS recruiters are referring to some whiz bang aspect of their protocols. Truth is, I’m amazingly happy as an ALS hobbyist at a service where we’re entrusted with delayed sequence intubation, blood administration, IV pumps, and IV antibiotics — all on standing orders. And bluntly, in the year 2025 with the availability of video laryngoscopy, the ability to pharmacologically manage an airway should be a given. (Spoiler alert: There are indeed EMS agencies describing themselves as progressive where this given isn’t happening.) But clinical is just one aspect of progressive and it’s the easiest to advertise. You want progressive? Let’s talk about a system that manages provider fatigue, supports mental health, has stations as opposed to convenience store parking lots, and has leadership with qualifications above and beyond good clinical skills. What would be truly progressive is a decent salary that means you don’t have to pick up extra shifts unless you want to and a defined benefit pension system. And for what it’s worth, such systems do exist.

On this note, not everyone in EMS is an “operator.” This is especially true in the world of EMS education. EMS education, present company excluded, often consists of three categories of people. Category one consists of the jaded medic who’s unable to work in the field anymore. What passes for education from them is reading the PowerPoint slides and interspersing dated dogma and war stories. Category two are the entertainers. These people are fixtures on the conference circuit. Whatever the subject, they’ll teach it, regardless of their subject matter expertise. They often have catchphrases, a uniform that looks like something out of a banana republic, and/or a persona that may or may not match their field expertise. Finally, we have the terminally arrogant. These people delight in proving they’re smarter than you. Whether it’s obscure EKG findings, clinical zebras, or plain ol’ data analysis, these people and their acolytes have their following at conferences and on EMS/medical social media. Honestly, these are some of the smarter people in EMS. Their biggest problem is that they know it and want you to know it too. See also: “I’ve got two years of paramedic education and I’m going to speak with absolute certainty on findings that fellowship trained physicians at academic medical centers may quibble over.”

And for those EMS providers who think they are indeed above average, there’s a whole class of frauds, posers, and grifters with flashy course titles and cool social media combined with dubious credentials or expertise. In fact, if you wear enough camo and use the right buzzwords, you can get people’s continuing education money even when the courses are no longer accredited. (Not to mention taking money from gun enthusiasts and other “outdoors” types who will instantly take courses and buy products from anyone who claims they’re tactical.) On that note, being a military medic, in many cases, means you’re very good at managing trauma in healthy young people. The definition of confusion can often be a military EMT or paramedic making the transition to a civilian 911 position and getting their first geriatric respiratory patient. And just like the “regular” EMS people, “cool” social media will always sell. This week, in fact, I saw social media advertising from one provider of “austere medical and rescue services” that crossed a very clear line in terms of medical decorum. In other words, it’s not just the regular EMS medics who have some work to do — it’s also the supposedly smart people.

Me? I’ll settle for competent EMS providers of all levels who can run a 911 call with good clinical skills, the appropriate level of compassion, and maybe, just maybe, getting the right patient to the right care. And none of that requires you to look like you’ve been operating behind enemy lines. Even more so if the biggest battle you’ve fought is dodging a dialysis transfer.

EMS Education Is Becoming Unaffordable

Those of you who know me know that I believe initial EMT education is, to use a play on words, way too basic. I have also told many of my friends, particularly those in EMS, that a paramedic certification, even without a degree associated with it, is an excellent return on investment. I’ve mentioned that there are a lot of degreed professionals (teachers, social workers and even more than a few lawyer positions) that earn less than many paramedics, particularly if the paramedic works for a public EMS agency.

I’m also a conservative, so I have some skepticism of government trying to “fix” a problem. I’m reminded of Ronald Reagan’s famous quote, “The nine most terrifying words in the English language are ‘I’m from the government and I’m here to help.’” And during the pandemic, everyone reported there was a shortage of EMTs and paramedics. So, in many places, the government came in to help. At least in Texas, the state created a fund to reimburse tuition for people getting initial EMS education at any level contingent on working or volunteering for an EMS provider.

And I think this very well intentioned and noble piece of legislation is about to create an affordability crisis similar to that which many are experiencing in higher education, which we see manifest itself in two ways. First, the amount of student loan debt that people have accumulated to get a college degree. Second, the increased prevalence of degrees and advanced degrees has meant that employers are even more selective, leading to situations where people with degrees can’t even get interviews for entry level positions. Worse yet, student loans are funded and guaranteed by the Federal government, which means that colleges have no pressure to control costs as the Federal government guarantees the loans in the event of default — and unlike much other debt, student loan debt is not typically dischargeable in bankruptcy.

Just this morning, I saw a Texas hospital offering an EMT class for $1875. To provide some frame of reference, I paid $500 for my EMT class in 2004. My class was held in the classroom of a suburban fire department and taught by a few local medics who thought that teaching an EMT class was a better way to make extra cash than overtime shifts. In 2006, I paid $3000 for the only night paramedic class offered in the Austin area, a class that was run by a private EMS company.

In part because of the indirect state subsidization of EMS tuition and the increased requirements of EMS education accreditation (at least at the paramedic level), going from mild-mannered attorney to EMT to paramedic for the total of $3500 (plus, of course, random incidental and indirect expenses) is no longer achievable.

These subsidy programs come with a few challenges.

  1. Not everyone may receive the subsidy or grant.
  2. The funding (at least in Texas) requires you to work or volunteer on an ambulance for a set amount of time. As I’ve mentioned before, at least in my area, part time opportunities for EMS are not what they used to be and volunteer opportunities are slim. (This presents a challenge for both volunteer providers and for those potentially considering a career change.) Additionally, at least in Texas, this state funding requires that you work on an ambulance. Texas has a separate category of non-transporting EMS entities called first responder organizations that provide EMS care until transport arrives.
  3. Unlike attending a college or university, EMS education programs (at least those not operated directly by an institution of higher education) don’t award academic credits, hours, or credentials that are portable elsewhere.

Alas, despite the increased requirements and costs of EMS education, working conditions and salaries are not keeping pace. Many of the same challenges in EMS retention that the pandemic made worse are still there. I still stand by my assertion that EMS pay isn’t the problem. Rather, it’s what EMS providers have to put up with for the pay. (Read that last sentence SLOWLY if you want to understand the volunteer crisis.) If we’re going to fix EMS recruitment and staffing, we have to address retention. All of the subsidized tuition in the world won’t fix EMS retention. We fix that by professionalizing EMS management. All the clinical education and expertise has little correlation to being an effective EMS supervisor, manager, administrator, or leader. (See also: my regular assertion that the best degree for an aspiring EMS chief/director is a public administration degree. You already know how to do EMS things. You DON’T know how to manage, lead, and administer people and an organization.)

At the paramedic level, the accreditation requirement has created a virtual monopoly for college-based EMS education programs. The colleges, by virtue of being the primary providers of paramedic education combined with subsidized tuition, have created a monopoly which, in particular, has limited access to EMS education for rural providers or nontraditional, working students. While there are indeed online programs outside of a college setting, these programs often must pay to affiliate with a college as a “satellite” campus and again can charge whatever they want because they’re the only game(s) in town if you’re working elsewhere or living outside of a metro area. While accreditation has likely driven some of the worst EMS education programs out, accreditation largely only guarantees that the education program is organized and has policies to administer the program. Accreditation does not guarantee the quality of the education provided.

If we think that higher education alone will improve EMS, I’d caution you to examine the example of Australia, a country that many in EMS consider to be “excellent.” The universities in Australia have no incentive to control the number of paramedic graduates for a relatively low number of paramedic positions in their country. This means that one of Australia’s more notable exports as of late have been Australian paramedic graduates. Whether they’re working in London for the London Ambulance Service or in Texas and Louisiana for Acadian, Australian paramedics aren’t working in Australia because the jobs aren’t there, but the degrees are.

In conclusion, I’m worried that we’re making EMS education less affordable and less accessible while still leaving our retention issues unaddressed. If only we had EMS leaders with an understanding of law, policy, economics, business, and the political process than in the current clinical trends on EMS social media. Interestingly enough, many of the hurdles involved in adopting these latest clinical trends would be lessened if we had EMS leaders with an understanding of law, policy, economics, business, and the political process.

Meanwhile, enjoy the current EMS staffing challenges — which an $1875 tuition for an EMT class isn’t going to improve one bit.

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