Insta-medic

Recently, a good bit of publicity has been devoted to allowing EMTs to administer Narcan intranasally to patients who have overdosed on opiates.  speaking purely from a practical and clinical standpoint, these patients aren’t going to die from a lack of Narcan, but they are going to die from a lack of ventilation.   We should be reinforcing good BVM skills rather than adding ALS interventions piecemeal based on the media’s epidemic du jour.

This is nothing new.  Every few years, many BLS providers petition the powers that be for certain ALS skills.  In my EMS career, I’ve seen a few of these skills added or considered from nebulized albuterol to nitroglycerin to Epi-pens and now Narcan. In most of these cases, we limit the application of these (now formerly) ALS skills to specific patients in specific situations.   This is our attempt at managing and mitigating the risk of allowing an EMT with approximately 120 hours of training to perform a skill that was previously reserved for paramedics with over 1,000 hours of training.  (I’ll save the training versus education debate for another day.).  What we end up with is a cookbook, bastardized, piecemeal approach to the provision of advanced life support, based largely on public and political pressures as opposed to sound medical science.   What we don’t end up with are providers who understand the how, when, where, or why to apply these newly acquired skills.

I’d favor EMTs being allowed to perform these ALS skills in two situations. First, where the skills are being performed under the direction and supervision of an ALS provider in an effort to provide a true “extra set of hands.”  Second, and subject to strict clinical oversight, in rural systems without ALS access.

In my opinion, if you want to be able to perform ALS skills, you need the knowledge of an ALS provider.   That means if you want to do the “cool” paramedic stuff, go to paramedic school.   Otherwise, this trend to add ALS skills to the EMT protocols is yet an another example of the instant gratification model that continues to hamper EMS and EMS education in particular.

Yep, I think I’ve finally turned the corner and become one of those crusty (at least relatively speaking) and cynical older medics.

Legal Learning

Over the past few years in EMS, we’ve heard a lot about “standardizing” EMS across all fifty states in the US, whether it’s the Institute of Medicine’s report or the recently adopted National EMS Education Standards and Instructional Guidelines.   Fair enough.  The proverbial Mrs. Smith’s COPD probably won’t be too different between Peoria, Illinois and Peoria, Arizona.  Oxygen, breathing treatments, and medications work the same across state lines.

From my perspective as an attorney, paramedic, and occasional EMS educator, one thing that shouldn’t be part of a standardized curriculum is the dreaded medical-legal section.  Besides my ongoing pet peeve that medical-legal is the one EMS topic we continue to allow to be taught by the uninformed, we continue to assume that a one-size-fits all approach to medical legal education suffices.  Aside from a few Federal law issues (HIPAA, EMTALA, and CLIA most notably), the overwhelming majority of EMS law, particularly the regulatory framework and tort law, is decided by the individual states.  Other issues, such as advanced directives and medical direction/protocols are equally dependent on state law.

For aspiring medics to be truly informed on their respective legal issues, the best thing that we could do is to take the following steps.  1) Remove the legal curriculum from being part of a national curriculum. 2) Ensure that the legal principles taught in initial EMS education programs are taught by experts and/or developed by the appropriate state regulatory body. 3) Ensure that any testing on EMS legal principles is done at the state level.

But hey, what do I know?  It’s not like I’m a lawyer or anything.

Big Mac or Porterhouse

I’ve noticed two interesting discussions going on simultaneously on EMS social media.  One discussion, which started on the National EMS Management Association list on Google Groups initially started out as a medical director trying to update his protocols.  It has since evolved (or perhaps, devolved) into a discussion about keeping endotracheal intubation as a paramedic skill.   The usual positions are being hashed out.  Again.  In short — one position is that EMS, as a whole, doesn’t do a good job at intubation — either in initial education and skills mastery or in skills retention.  The other side is the argument of “That may well be true, but things are different at the XYZ EMS System where we absolutely excel at intubation.  Here’s why and take a look at our numbers.”

Another discussion has been brought up by friend and fellow blogger Chris Kaiser.  He’s raised some very good concerns about the current American Heart Association Advanced Cardiac Life Support program sinking to the level of a merit badge course that every advanced life support EMS provider has and that most hospital staff have.

I see both of these discussions as a symptom of what I call the McDonald-ization of EMS.  In other words, we want to ensure a similar experience wherever you get EMS, regardless of previous excellence (or incompetence).  Face it, when we travel, we stop at Mickey D’s because we know what we’re getting, not because it’s the best burger anywhere.

EMS seems to be trending towards this as well.  The statistical gurus and the usual crowd of professional committee members and buzzword repeaters all bloviate (sorry for the Bill O’Reilly word there) about the need to have a common standard.  Two problems there.  First, the common standard doesn’t take into account the variations throughout the entire United States.  To me, it’s unreasonable and illogical to presume that Cut Bank, Montana and Boston, Massachusetts have the same needs for EMS, much less the same populations and sources of funding.  Second, like McDonald’s, when your chief concern is consistency, your product or service easily becomes the lowest common denominator.  What you end up with is a consensus model where pit crew CPR, good airway management (both including and excluding intubation), and even more cutting edge advances like dual defibrillation and transporting certain cardiac arrest patients straight to the cath lab end up sacrificed because “we all need to be delivering the same care everywhere.”

As for me, I’ll take the occasionally singed porterhouse in recognition that even that is better than the uniformly average Big Mac, which for the record, isn’t even prepared the way I like my burgers to begin with.  It’s time that we quit punishing the EMS services that try to deliver excellent patient care just so that everyone receives the same, consistent, AVERAGE care.

Of course, the statistician will tell me that there’s always going to be an average.  We just need to keep IMPROVING what we do so that the average keeps advancing too.

On passion

I was discussing the role of passion in EMS with a friend of mine.  She reminded me that there are plenty of people with a passion for EMS who don’t have the aptitude for EMS.  That got me to thinking.

Maybe there’s a distinction to be made.  The people who are the long-term successes in EMS have passions for the right things about EMS.  You know, things like the actual practice of medicine, the life-long learning, and the compassion.

Because if all you are passionate about the ability to drive with lights and sirens, sleep on duty (not that the “safety nap” is a bad thing, mind you), and get two days off after working twenty-four hours, you’re quite likely to have one of two things happen to you.  Number one, burnout when you realize that real-life emergency medicine in the field has no resemblance to the infamous EMS t-shirts claiming that you’re a “Trauma Junkie doing everything the doctor does, only at 80 miles an hour.”  Number two, disappointment when you’re one of the people posting on a Facebook group that “you love EMS and want to be a paramedic, but you’ve already failed National Registry three times, so it must be the fault of your instructors.”

Be passionate about the medicine, not the perks.

Making good paramedics

If you listen to the folks from Boston, Seattle, and, to a lesser extent, Austin, you’ll hear that the secret to good paramedics is to have a small core of paramedics backed up by a larger group of EMTs.  The theory is that the paramedics will be at the top of their game as they are reserved for those patients who truly require advanced life support care. In these systems, one promotes into the paramedic position, usually after working several years as an EMT, regardless of the certification level they were hired at. (In other words, in these jurisdictions, you can be a state-certified paramedic, but working only as an EMT.)

Minions, allow me to call BS on this.  First, how does working as an EMT for a few years make you a better paramedic?  Second, what’s an advanced life support call?  I’d be almost willing to bet you that a fractured extremity isn’t considered an ALS call.  Want to bet that the patient with a fracture would like a paramedic on scene.  If that patient wants pain medications, there’s going to have to be a paramedic there.  And yes, while I definitely buy the argument that too many paramedics lead to skills dilution, the skills that a paramedic truly needs, in other words assessment and critical thinking, come in on every call. As for intubation, chest decompression, and other “sexy” skills, they can be compensated for through skills labs and hospital rotations.

If we’re really worried about wanting to produce good, experienced medics, I’ll throw out two suggestions.   First, have a good hiring process and a good salary and working environment.  That will go a long way towards ensuring that your applicant pool consists of good, experienced paramedics.  As for the inexperienced providers who have the potential to become good paramedics, hire them and put them through an extended internship where they work as a third crew member with experienced providers.  Give them the opportunity to learn and practice while still having the safety net of experienced providers with them.  I had an opportunity to ride as a volunteer medic for several years with Harris County ESD-1 (later Harris County Emergency Corps) as a third crew member, which gave me a ton of experience and confidence dealing with some very sick patients.  That time at HCESD-1 and HCEC made me the paramedic I am today.  (I can supply the names of partners to blame if you’d like…)

I realize that my experience as a volunteer third medic isn’t the same, but I definitely believe that offering an extended paramedic internship would be an improvement over requiring an arbitrary amount of time spent as a paramedic functioning in an EMT capacity.  That model is nothing but a system wide application of the shopworn cliche of “BLS before ALS.”  It’s time that emergency medical services approaches career development through an internship paradigm rather than through a “pay your dues” mentality.

Happy Friday, y’all!

 

 

What’s wrong with National Registry.

I spent most of Saturday morning doing skills testing at Rice University in Houston for their Advanced EMT students.  For those of you who don't know, Rice is a private university in Houston that routinely competes with the Ivy League.  It also has its own student-run EMS first responder organization.

I was tasked with testing the students on the medical assessment skills station.  I'll respect the NREMT process and rules and omit describing the scenario other than to say that it was a medical patient with the potential to "crash." You know -- the kind where you can use some clinical judgment on how to treat the patient. 

Here's my problem.  There were 48 possible points available to be awarded for completing the skills station. There's a point awarded for considering spinal immobilization.  Points awarded two different times for checking AVPU.  Points for each question in the SAMPLE and OPQRST mnemonics. But only ONE, YES ONE, f--king point for verbalizing a treatment plan and calling for appropriate interventions. 

And I'd say that 90% of these very smart young people thought that the solution was to use the patient's prescribed medication and that alone.  I think only 2 or 3 mentioned a couple of other medications that an Advanced EMT can use in this particular emergency.    Yet all of them did mention high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask.   Not one mentioned capnography.  It was obvious to me that none of them understood the pathophysiology or pharmacology involved with this medical emergency.

EMS education and the National Registry process in particular have turned some of America's brightest youth into mindless automatons parroting the mantras of "BSI and scene safe."

The saddest part is that some of these young people may end up as physicians and medical directors.  I will not be surprised when these aspiring doctors push a "monkey see, monkey do" set of protocols on their medics. What disgusted me is that NREMT doesn't even seem to care if you properly treat your patient or even know what you're assessing so long as you parrot BSI, scene safety, consider c-spine immobilization, and run down the OPQRST and SAMPLE
questions.  Memorization counts and understanding is irrelevant.

None of these kids failed the skills station, but National Registry sure failed these kids and ultimately, their patients.

Having gone through this testing and evaluation process, I am now not surprised that the "best EMS service in Texas" walked my mother to the ambulance after trying to push a refusal on her.

Sorry, I'm just disgusted.

What education does.

Here’s the deal.  A bachelor’s degree in EMS is highly unlikely, in and of itself, to produce a new breed of supermedics who are going to suddenly gain the immediate respect of physicians and nurses, become the newest level of mid-level healthcare professionals, and increase both reimbursements and EMS salaries.  So, why push for a bachelor’s degree paramedic?

Here’s why. A college degree is, in our society, the commonly accepted indicator of academic achievement.  Some might even argue that a degree is an indicator of intelligence.  I’d disagree with that, having met a Harvard-educated lawyer who barely understands the law and knowing several borderline geniuses who never did finish college.

To me, a college degree proves maturity and commitment to reaching a goal. It shows dedication and in the case of attending a large state university, the ability to achieve your goals in spite of a gargantuan bureaucracy that often throws roadblocks along the way.  (Try financial aid or registration back in the days before the web was around.  Not fun at all, I tell ya.)

A bachelor’s degree in EMS will probably not cover any additional skills or interventions.  Heck, it probably won’t even add that much theoretical knowledge of medicine.  What it will add above and beyond a certificate or even an associate’s degree is a stronger foundation in general knowledge, written communication, and critical thinking.  When you have to take English, some social sciences, science classes, and maybe even some fine arts, your world expands infinitely beyond merely memorizing a cookbook of treatment options.

If we’re serious about EMS 2.0, 3.0, or whatever reset we’re on this week, let’s swing for the fences.  Paramedics should possess a bachelor’s degree to practice and the only people allowed into a “medic mill” or a certification program should be those who already have a bachelor’s degree.

When paramedicine is no longer merely a skill set and the majority of paramedics can turn out a report that doesn’t read like a junior high text message, we might be able to reach some of the other goals like higher pay and reimbursement models based on treatments, not transports.

Just the thoughts rattling through the mind of (possibly) the most overeducated volunteer paramedic out there.

Paragod? Why yes, I am.

So, I couldn’t resist commenting on one of the trolling Low Information Voter medic groups on Facebook.  There was a discussion by some sort of EMT or first responder about automatically applying a non-rebreather mask to a patient with a stroke. This provider got upset for the paramedic removing the mask and called him/her a “paragod.”  And since I couldn’t leave well enough alone, I commented.  I probably should’ve lowered my snark factor, but that’s not a fault of mine.  Rather, it’s a value added option.

So, what is a paragod?  From best as I can tell from Central Texas (home of the world’s best BBQ), a paragod is a thoughtless term hurled by Low Information Voter/medics at those medics who they think are “too smart.”

Yep.  I’m guilty.  I’m educated outside of EMS. The liberal arts and legal education means I’m likely to use critical thinking.  I make it a point to attend and participate in continuing education.  Continuing education occurs in card course, in-house CE classes at the department, state and national conferences, and yes, online too.  I knocked out my National Registry transition course and recertified six months early.  I’m the one that a lot of my friends come to when they’re looking for an answer on continuing education. I keep up with the science, because medicine is a science.  Science changes and so the medicine changes.  Sadly, too many people in EMS (especially at the lower levels of certification) cling bitterly to that which was taught to them in their initial education program and blindly follow the protocol cookbook for the recipe to treat patients.  EMS is changing, even (perhaps especially) at the BLS level.  If you don’t know about passive oxygenation, CPAP, permissive hypotension, selective spinal motion restriction, pit crew CPR, or oxygen titration to avoid free radicals, you’re already behind the times.

So, here’s the deal.  I’m going to continue being what you call a paragod.  I’m going to be current on my medicine and the science behind it.  You have two choices — evolve or become extinct.  That’s science, too.

Until then, I remain your friendly neighborhood paragod.  Arrogant?  Honestly, no.  I’m pretty approachable.  I just seem arrogant to the willfully uneducated.

Do what you do best and OWN it.

Lately, I’ve been thinking about my blog and also about speaking engagements.  In fact, a fellow blogger and I were discussing conference topics.  She and I were both complaining about some of the topics that people seem to like us to speak or write about.   For a while after getting into EMS, I wanted to be known as something other than the paramedic/attorney who speaks about legal issues.   So, I tried a few presentations on clinical topics.  They went over OK, but that’s not what people wanted to hear about from a paramedic/attorney.  Truth be told, I know several people who do much better “medical” presentations than I do.  Kelly Grayson and Bryan Bledsoe are both phenomenal speakers who have a real ability to take a difficult medical topic and put it into terms that a rookie EMT can master.

 

Over time, I began to realize something, namely that Kelly and Bryan (and most other EMS types) aren’t attorneys.  And I know that I can present a medical-legal lecture that’s fun, informative, and accurate.  Being an attorney and a paramedic is something kind of different in our EMS world.  So, I’ve become one of the few people who OWNS the medical-legal topic.  (By the way, I also OWN the topic of turning a volunteer program into a success.  More on that in another blog post.)

So, back to my friend.  She says that her most popular blog post was about dressing professionally.  My advice to her — OWN the topic of EMS professionalism.  It’s something that needs doing well.  With the amount of “low information medics” on social media, we all need a reminder about acting professional.  Even worse, so many of the popular EMS columnists and authors who write about ethics and professionalism come across as overly moralistic scolds whose shaming of natural human responses would make the Spanish Inquisition blush.  Anyways, I hope she OWNS the topic of EMS professionalism.

What’s your EMS topic that you’re passionate about?  OWN it — and share that passion with your colleagues and others.

The Dreaded Medical-Legal Lecture

Everyone who’s been through EMT or Paramedic classes vaguely remembers their medical-legal class.  You know, the one that the instructor stumbled though.  He or she probably just basically read the PowerPoint slides verbatim and maybe told some old wives’ tales.  (No offense to old wives.  They’re welcome to read my blog too.)  And the material in the textbook?  Equally vague and nebulous.  This is where you end up with falsehoods like “If I have an EMS sticker on my personal car, I have to stop at any car wreck.” My personal favorite myth is the one about being able to report child/elder abuse to the nurse or social worker in the emergency room. (By the way, that myth may cost you your certification in some states!)

In almost any other part of an EMS education program, we’d never tolerate a lecture to be taught by someone whose only education on the subject came from their initial EMS education.   Can you imagine cardiology taught by someone who’d only sat through the cardiology lecture and never had touched a cardiac patient or even had an ACLS card?  The program would likely be considered a joke at best.  And good luck getting the state or CoAEMSP to accept the program.  (More on accreditation in a future post, by the way.)

Yet, we continue to accept allowing the (dreaded) medical-legal lecture to be taught by virtually anyone with an EMS certification.  Whether for better or worse, we continue to cling to the falsity that EMS legal issues are the same from state-to-state.

A few suggestions to improve EMS legal education:

1) Actually invite attorneys to guest lecture.  Difficult/technical topics beyond an instructor’s skill set should be taught by experts.  (Conflict warning:  I actually give a fun medical legal guest lecture.)

2) Remove specific legal issues from the educational standards.  State laws on negligence, abuse reporting, and Good Samaritan issues vary from state to state.  Teaching the general rule is a disservice to students.  That also means not testing on these issues on the Registry.  Many states require a separate medical-legal exam on state regulations for physicians.  Maybe that should be considered for EMS as well.

3) EMS students should be regularly quizzed/challenged on their documentation.  Documentation practices should be taught as a means of avoiding legal liability rather than the emphasis that employers may have on billing.

4) And, as an absolute must, each EMS student needs to be taught, at the very least, how to find their state’s EMS statutes and regulations.  In the ideal world, state EMS regulators should provide an introduction to the legal issues and regulatory framework in their state.

As the old maxim goes, ignorance of the law is no defense.  Sadly, in EMS, we have so many instructors educating students who now have no defense.